ABSTRACT
There is no evidence with regard to the effectiveness of the use of simulation in video conferences to facilitate the learning experiences of nursing student. Aims. To describe the research protocol 1) to validate instruments measuring student satisfaction, self-confidence, and perceptions of good planning and best practice in the use of virtual simulation in the Italian con- text on the basis of Jeffries and Rizzolo's theoretical model in the Italian context and 2) to analyse student satisfaction, self-confidence, and perceptions of good planning and best practice in virtual simulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. First, we will perform a validation study and then use a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Third year nursing students in a bachelor's degree course in nursing in central Italy, who participated in virtual simulation-based learning during the COVID-19 pandemic will be included. We will consider translation and cultural adaptation, the content and face validity, the construct validity, the criterion validity, the reliability, and the responsiveness to changes in the instruments. Then we will consider means and standard deviations for evaluating the score of the instruments. Discussion. This study will provide us with the opportunity to determine the effectiveness of virtual simulation for nursing students. The intent is not only to evaluate students' perceptions of virtual simulation but also to create a continuous monitoring system. The future intention is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual simulation for developing students' skills during their internship. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic put under pressure all the world's health systems, to the point that it was a severe threat to their stability. At the same time, this scenario confirmed the importance of primary health care to guarantee effective care for patients who suffer from complex and chronic diseases. From these considerations and in the light of the funding provided by the European Union for enhancing the health care system in Italy, our working group has decided to analyse various organisational models of Primary Health Care founded around the world to set up innovative Primary care community Centers in Italy, called Community Houses. Methods A scoping review of the international literature was conducted on Pubmed, searching for primary care models based on integration and co-location of services. Each organisational model was then evaluated using different levels of multidimensional integration inspired by the taxonomy work of P. P. Valentijn, such as clinical, professional, organisational, system, functional and normative integration levels. Results The search produced 2053 results, initially screened by title and and, subsequently, by full-text, finally obtaining 116 articles. When a model is characterised by integrating services with external stakeholders, it also presents more integration levels than the others. In particular, these models are, on average, about 20% more likely to have an organisational, functional and normative integration in the model. Moreover, by stratifying for population complexity, we can find an increase in integration levels for populations suffering from chronic diseases with a higher degree of complexity, such as diabetes or cancer. Conclusions From these preliminary results, we can conclude that it is necessary to prefer primary care models with more integration levels to deliver better healthcare for people with complex or chronic diseases, improving the performance of the Health Care System, especially in Italy. Key messages Our work has allowed us to advise the policymakers on a correct reorganisation of the National Health System in Italy employing the European Union funds. The results of this study will be used to organised Primary care community Centers in Italy, called Community Houses, which aim to facilitate the integration and co-location of services.